The Software Processs - Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is a software process?

A software process is a series of steps used to solve a problem. The following figure shows a pictorial view of how an organization has defined a way to solve risk problems. In the diagram we have shown two branches: one is the process and the second branch shows a sample risk mitigation process for an organization. For instance, the risk mitigation process defines what step any department should follow to mitigate a risk. The process is as follows:

Software Testing Basics - Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

1. Can you explain the PDCA cycle and where testing fits in?

Software testing is an important part of the software development process. In normal software development there are four important steps, also referred to, in short, as the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) cycle.

Let's review the four steps in detail.

Top 20 Interview Questions Wid Answers

1) Tell me something about yourself?

I am a person with strong interpersonal skills and have the ability to get along well with people. I enjoy challenges and looking for creative solutions to problems.
OR
Besides the details given in my resume, I believe in character values, vision and action. I am quick in learning from mistakes. I am confident that the various tests that you have conducted will corroborate my competencies aptitude and right attitude for the job.

2) What do you seek from a job?

I would like a job which gives me a chance to apply all that I have learned in college as well as one which enables me to grow as a professional. I would like a role which enables me to make a difference.
OR
Great learning opportunities, challenging roles, rational career progression, good job satisfaction and opportunities to use my strength organization that gives me the opportunity to serve the organization and the society.

The 10 toughest job interview questions answered

1. Why is there a gap in your work history? “Employers understand that people lose their jobs and it’s not always easy to find a new one fast,” says Susan Nethery, the director of student affairs marketing at Texas Christian University, who often advises recent grads on the interview process. When answering this question, list activities you’ve been doing during any period of unemployment. Freelance projects, volunteer work or taking care of family members all let the interviewer know that time off was spent productively.

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General Job interview questions for project managers with answers

Where have you worked before?
Rarely is an inexperienced person taken in as a project manager. Any project manager would have at least two or three years of experience either as an employee or as a project manager. Therefore, this is one of the basic questions asked. Make sure that you give a brief and concise answer to this question, without going too much into the details. Also, make sure that everything you say as an answer to this question is factual.
What are some of the projects that you handled in the previous job?
As an experienced professional, you are bound to have a portfolio, and this is the right time to share such a portfolio with the interviewer. Make sure that the portfolio you share is authentic as your previous portfolio will decide whether the interviewer will be interested in you or not.

15 Interview Questions to Ask Hiring Managers

1. How would you characterize the organization? What are its principal values? What are its greatest challenges?
2. What is the organization’s plan for the next five years, and how does this department or division fit in?
3. What do you expect me to accomplish in the first six to 12 months on the job? What is the one thing I cannot fail at in the first year?”
4. What particular achievements would equate to success at this job? What would success look like?
5. What are three ke

JDBC Interview Questions and Answers

How can I get data from multiple ResultSets?
With certain database systems, a stored procedure can return multiple result sets, multiple update counts, or some combination of both. Also, if you are providing a user with the ability to enter any SQL statement, you don't know if you are going to get a ResultSet or an update count back from each statement, without analyzing the contents. The Statement.execute() method helps in these cases.

Method Statement.execute() returns a boolean to tell you the type of response:

Oracle Interview Questions and Answers

Where is the external query executed at the client or the server?
At the server.

Where is a procedure return in an external pl/sql library executed at the client or at the server?
At the client.

What is coordination Event?
Any event that makes a different record in the master block the current record is a coordination causing event.

What is the difference between OLE Server & Ole Container?
An Ole server application creates ole Objects that are embedded or linked in ole Containers ex. Ole servers are ms_word & ms_excel. OLE containers provide a place to store, display and manipulate objects that are created by ole server applications. Ex. oracle forms is an example of an ole Container.

Java Interview Questions and Answers

What method is used to specify a container's layout?
The setLayout() method is used to specify a container's layout.
Which containers use a FlowLayout as their default layout?
The Panel and Applet classes use the FlowLayout as their default layout.
What state does a thread enter when it terminates its processing?
When a thread terminates its processing, it enters the dead state. What is the Collections API?

Asp Interview Questions and Answers

How will you delete a Cookie?
By setting its Expires property to any date prior to today Response.Cookies("cookie name"). Expires = Date 1.
What is the function of Buffer in Response Object?
Buffer controls the HTML output stream manually.
How are scripts executed?
ASP provides scripting engines that execute the corresponding scripting languages on the server side. Scripts should be encoded within the Delimiters.

.Net and Asp .Net Interview Questions and Answers

What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service?
Answer1:
SOAP. Transport Protocols: It is essential for the acceptance of Web Services that they are based on established Internet infrastructure. This in fact imposes the usage of of the HTTP, SMTP and FTP protocols based on the TCP/IP family of transports. Messaging Protocol: The format of messages exchanged between Web Services clients and Web Services should be vendor neutral and should not carry details about the technology used to implement the service. Also, the message format should allow for extensions and different bindings to specific transport protocols. SOAP and ebXML Transport are specifications which fulfill these requirements. We expect that the W3C XML Protocol Working Group defines a successor standard.

JSP Interview Questions and Answers

The code in a finally clause will never fail to execute, right?
Using System.exit(1); in try block will not allow finally code to execute.

How many messaging models do JMS provide for and what are they?
JMS provide for two messaging models, publish-and-subscribe and point-to-point queuing.

What information is needed to create a TCP Socket?
The Local Systems IP Address and Port Number. And the Remote System’s IPAddress and Port Number.

What Class.forName will do while loading drivers?
It is used to create an instance of a driver and register it with the DriverManager. When you have loaded a driver, it is available for making a connection with a DBMS.

J2EE Interview Questions and Answers

What is JSP standard action ?
An action that is defined in the JSP specification and is always available to a JSP page.
What is JSP tag file ?
A source file containing a reusable fragment of JSP code that is translated into a tag handler when a JSP page is translated into a servlet.
What is JSP tag handler ?
A Java programming language object that implements the behavior of a custom tag.
What is JSP tag library ?
A collection of custom tags described via a tag library descriptor and Java classes.

What is JSTL ?
Abbreviate of JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library.

ASP.NET VIEW STATE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS FOR EXPERIENCED

1). What is View State in Asp.net?
Ans: View state is nothing but a method that the ASP.NET use to preserve page and control values between postbacks. When the HTML markup for the page is rendered, the current state of the page and values that must be retained during postback are serialized into base64-encoded strings. This information is then put into the view state hidden field.

2). View state is client-side or server side state management techenique?
Ans: View state is client-side state management techenique

3). What are the client-side state management techenique supported by ASP.NET?
Ans: View state
Control state
Hidden fields
Cookies
Query strings

C# and ASP.NET Interview Question and Answers

What is the significance of Finalize method in .NET?

.NET Garbage collector does almost all clean up activity for your objects. But unmanaged resources (example: Windows API created objects, File, Database connection objects, COM objects, etc.) are outside the scope of .NET Framework. We have to explicitly clean our resources. For these types of objects, .NET Framework provides Object.Finalize method, which can be overridden and clean up code for unmanaged resources can be put in this section?

Why is it preferred to not use finalize for clean up?

The problem with finalize is that garbage collection has to make two rounds in order to remove objects which have finalize methods.
The below figure will make things clear regarding the two rounds of garbage collection rounds performed for the objects having finalized methods.

Servlets, JSP, JDBC Interview questions (Servlet/Jsp/JDBC FAQs)

        Q         What is the difference between JSP and Servlets ?

            A        

JSP is used mainly for presentation only. A JSP can only be HttpServlet that means the only supported protocol in JSP is HTTP. But a servlet can support any protocol like HTTP, FTP, SMTP etc.

                       

2          Q         What is difference between custom JSP tags and beans?

            A        

Custom JSP tag is a tag you defined. You define how a tag, its attributes and its body are interpreted, and then group your tags into collections called tag libraries that can be used in any number of JSP files. To use custom JSP tags, you need to define three separate components: the tag handler class that defines the tag's behavior ,the tag library descriptor file that maps the XML element names to the tag implementations and the JSP file that uses the tag library

JSP Interview Questions and Answers

Question 1: Explain include Directive and include Action of JSP

Ans:  This is a very popular interview question on JSP, which has been asked from long time and still asked in various interview. This question is good to test some fundamental concept like translation of JSP and difference between translation time and run time kind of concept.

Syntax for include Directive is <%@ include file="fileName" %> which means we are including some file to our JSP Page when we use include directive contents of included file will be added to calling JSP page at translation time means when the calling JSP is converted to servlet ,all the contents are added to that page .one important thing is that any JSP page is complied if we make any changes to that particular page but if we have changed the included file or JSP page the main calling JSP page will not execute again so the output will not be according to our expectation, this one is the main disadvantage of using the include directive that why it is mostly use to add static  resources, like Header and footer .

Syntax for include action is <jsp:include page=”relativeURL” /> it’s a runtime procedure means the result of the JSP page which is mentioned in relative URL is appended  to calling JSP at runtime on their response object at the location where we have used this tag

So any changes made to included page is being effected every time, this is the main advantage of this action but only relative URL we can use here ,because request and response object is passed between calling JSP and included JSP.

Core Java - Interview Questions and Answers

55. Why does Java not support operator overloading?

Operator overloading makes the code very difficult to read and maintain. To maintain code simplicity, Java doesn't support operator overloading.

56. Can we define private and protected modifiers for variables in interfaces?

No.

57. What is Externalizable?

Externalizable is an Interface that extends Serializable Interface. And sends data into Streams in Compressed Format. It has two methods, writeExternal(ObjectOuput out) and readExternal(ObjectInput in)

58. What modifiers are allowed for methods in an Interface?

Only public and abstract modifiers are allowed for methods in interfaces.

59. What is a local, member and a class variable?

Variables declared within a method are "local" variables.
Variables declared within the class i.e not within any methods are "member" variables (global variables).
Variables declared within the class i.e not within any methods and are defined as "static" are class variables.

60. What is an abstract method?

An abstract method is a method whose implementation is deferred to a subclass.

Java Interview Questions

1. What is the difference between private, protected, and public?

These keywords are for allowing privileges to components such as java methods and variables.
Public: accessible to all classes
Private: accessible only to the class to which they belong
Protected: accessible to the class to which they belong and any subclasses.
Access specifiers are keywords that determines the type of access to the member of a class. These are:
* Public
* Protected
* Private
* Defaults

2. What's the difference between an interface and an abstract class? Also discuss the similarities. (Very Important)

Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

1) Tell me about yourself. Use “Picture Frame Approach”

 Suggested Answer - Answer in about two minutes. Avoid details, don’t amble. Touch on these four areas:

How many years, doing what function, Education credentials, Major responsibility and accomplishments, Personal summary of work style (plus career goals if applicable)

How to Write In Shorthand Fast and Neat

9 Questions Asked in the Personal Interview (MBA)

1. Tell us something about yourself.
This is perhaps the most commonly asked question & is the one question that you should always be prepared to answer. While trying to answer this, be brief & clear & try to include the following points:
a. Your educational & professional(if any) background
b. Your interests & hobbies
c. Your family background
Don’t give long-winded answers or keep repeating what is already mentioned in your application. The interview panel may have various reasons for asking this question. Sometimes it is to test your communication skills, your body language, your confidence etc. If this is the first question thrown at you, then make sure you do a good job answering it.

Java interview questions

• What is the difference between the JDK and the JRE?
• What is the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions?
• What is the difference between final, finally and finalize?
• What is the difference between an Inner Class and a Sub-Class?
• What are the various access specifiers for Java classes?
• What is data encapsulation and why is it important?
• What is a singleton and when is it typically used in Java?
• What is the difference between the continue and break statements?
• What is the base class in Java from which all other classes are derived?
• What packages in Java? Why are they used?
• What is the difference between an Abstract Class and Interface in Java?
• Does Java pass by reference or by value?
• Is it mandatory for a try block to be followed by a catch block in Java’s exception handling?

Java Interview Questions

What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction focuses on the outside view of an object (i.e. the interface) Encapsulation (information hiding) prevents clients from seeing it's inside view, where the behavior of the abstraction is implemented.

Abstraction solves the problem in the design side while Encapsulation is the Implementation.

Encapsulation is the deliverables of Abstraction. Encapsulation barely talks about grouping up your abstraction to suit the developer needs.

Explain the user defined Exceptions?

User defined Exceptions are the separate Exception classes defined by the user for specific purposed. An user defined can created by simply sub-classing it to the Exception class. This allows custom exceptions to be generated (using throw) and caught in the same way as normal exceptions.
Example:

30 Smart Answers To Tough Interview Questions

Q: Will you be out to take my job?
A: Maybe in about twenty years, but by then, I suspect you'll be running the entire company and will need a good, loyal lieutenant to help you manage this department!
Q: What if you work here for five years and don't get promoted? Many of our employees don't. Won't you find it frustrating?
A: I consider myself ambitious, but I'm also practical. As long as I am continuing to learn and grow within my position, I'll be a happy camper. Different companies promote people at different rates, and I'm pretty confident that working for you will keep me motivated and mentally stimulated for several years to come.
Q: What is your biggest weakness that's really a weakness, and not a secret strength?
A: I am extremely impatient. I expect my employees to prove themselves on the very first assignment. If they fail, my tendency is to stop delegating to them and start doing everything myself.
To compensate for my own weakness, however, I have started to really prep my people on exactly what will be expected of them.
Q: You have changed careers before. Why should I let you experiment on my nickel? 
A. As a career-changer, I believe that I'm a better employee because I've gained a lot of diverse skills from moving around. These skills help me solve problems creatively.

JSP Interview Questions and Answers

What is a JSP and what is it used for?
Java Server Pages (JSP) is a platform independent presentation layer technology that comes with SUN s J2EE platform. JSPs are normal HTML pages with Java code pieces embedded in them. JSP pages are saved to *.jsp files. A JSP compiler is used in the background to generate a Servlet from the JSP page.

What is difference between custom JSP tags and beans?
Custom JSP tag is a tag you defined. You define how a tag, its attributes and its body are interpreted, and then group your tags into collections called tag libraries that can be used in any number of JSP files. To use custom JSP tags, you need to define three separate components:
1. the tag handler class that defines the tag\'s behavior
2. the tag library descriptor file that maps the XML element names to the tag implementations
3. the JSP file that uses the tag library
When the first two components are done, you can use the tag by using taglib directive:
<%@ taglib uri="xxx.tld" prefix="..." %>
Then you are ready to use the tags you defined. Let's say the tag prefix is test:
MyJSPTag or
JavaBeans are Java utility classes you defined. Beans have a standard format for Java classes. You use tags to declare a bean and use to set value of the bean class and use to get value of the bean class.

Javascript Interview Questions and Answers

 

What is JavaScript?
A1: JavaScript is a general-purpose programming language designed to let programmers of all skill levels control the behavior of software objects. The language is used most widely today in Web browsers whose software objects tend to represent a variety of HTML elements in a document and the document itself. But the language can be--and is--used with other kinds of objects in other environments. For example, Adobe Acrobat Forms uses JavaScript as its underlying scripting language to glue together objects that are unique to the forms generated by Adobe Acrobat. Therefore, it is important to distinguish JavaScript, the language, from the objects it can communicate with in any particular environment. When used for Web documents, the scripts go directly inside the HTML documents and are downloaded to the browser with the rest of the HTML tags and content.

JDBC Interview Questions and Answers

What is JDBC?
JDBC may stand for Java Database Connectivity. It is also a trade mark. JDBC is a layer of abstraction that allows users to choose between databases. It allows you to change to a different database engine and to write to a single API. JDBC allows you to write database applications in Java without having to concern yourself with the underlying details of a particular database.
What's the JDBC 3.0 API?
The JDBC 3.0 API is the latest update of the JDBC API. It contains many features, including scrollable result sets and the SQL:1999 data types.
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is the standard for communication between a Java application and a relational database. The JDBC API is released in two versions; JDBC version 1.22 (released with JDK 1.1.X in package java.sql) and version 2.0 (released with Java platform 2 in packages java.sql and javax.sql). It is a simple and powerful largely database-independent way of extracting and inserting data to or from any database.

Microsoft SQL Server Interview Questions and Answer

What is SQL Server ?
SQL Server is a DBMS system provided by Microsoft. SQL Server is sometimes mistakenly referred to as SQL.

Error severity 13 indicates what?
Transactional deadlock errors.
This level of error severity indicates a transaction deadlock error.

In which order do you perform an upgrade to SQL Server 2005 for replicated databases?
Distributor, Publisher, then Subscriber.
You always perform an upgrade in this order: distributor, publisher, subscriber.

How many Service Packs will be released for SQL Server 2005 in 2007?
Explanation: The answer is up in the air and this is more of a poll than a real QOD. Based on the ways things are going, the staff here sees just 1, though our hope would be that 3 or 4 would be released.

You setup a linked server from a SQL Server 2000 server to your new SQL Server 2005 server (with defaults), however you cannot execute procedures on the 2005 server. Why not?

Oracle Interview Questions and Answers

Can a view based on another view?
Yes.

What are the advantages of views?
- Provide an additional level of table security, by restricting access to a predetermined set of rows and columns of a table.
- Hide data complexity.
- Simplify commands for the user.
- Present the data in a different perspective from that of the base table.
- Store complex queries.

What is an Oracle sequence?
A sequence generates a serial list of unique numbers for numerical columns of a database's tables.

What is a synonym?
A synonym is an alias for a table, view, sequence or program unit.

What are the types of synonyms?
There are two types of synonyms private and public.

What is a private synonym?
Only its owner can access a private synonym.

What is a public synonym?

J2EE Interview Questions and Answers

What is binding (JavaServer Faces technology) ?
Wiring UI components to back-end data sources such as backing bean properties.
What is build file ?
The XML file that contains one or more asant targets. A target is a set of tasks you want to be executed. When starting asant, you can select which targets you want to have executed. When no target is given, the project's default target is executed.

Most Asked Interview Questions

10. "Tell me about yourself?"

This is typically the first question the interviewer will ask once you’ve taken your seat. This is the opportunity for the interviewer to assess you as a person through what you say and how you deliver it. As they always say, first impression is at utmost important, so you’ve to make sure you’ve prepared yourself adequately to answer it. Keep it short and succinct, preferably within 2 – 3 minutes.

(Image Source: Shutterstock)

How should you reply then? Like I said, you should have done your research on what the company expects from the candidates before heading for the interview. Your answer then, is to address how your qualities (e.g. qualifications, personalities and work experience) are relevant to the position in question. Therefore, you should only convey information applicable to what is required for the job, but not irrelevant ones pertaining to your family or personal events, for instance.

9. "What are your weaknesses?"

Interview Question for 3-6 Year experience in .Net Technologies

1. Types of Authentication and Authorization in IIS.
A. Types of Authentication: Anonymous Authentication, Windows Authentication, Digest Authentication
Types of Authorization:- Anonymous

2. Types of Authentication and Authorization in ASP.Net.
A. Types of Authentication: Windows Authentication, Forms Authentication
Types of Authorization:- File Authorization and URL Authorization

.Net (dot-net) interview questions for Fresher and experienced.

What is .NET?

.NET is essentially a framework for software development. It is similar in nature to any other software development framework (J2EE etc) in that it provides a set of runtime containers/capabilities, and a rich set of pre-built functionality in the form of class libraries and APIs
The .NET Framework is an environment for building, deploying, and running Web Services and other applications. It consists of three main parts: the Common Language Runtime, the Framework classes, and ASP.NET.

How many languages .NET is supporting now?

When .NET was introduced it came with several languages. VB.NET, C#, COBOL and Perl, etc. .net Supports More than 44 languages.

.Net Interview Questions and Answers

What is a Manifest?
An assembly manifest contains all the metadata needed to specify the assembly's version requirements and security identity, and all metadata needed to define the scope of the assembly and resolve references to resources and classes. The assembly manifest can be stored in either a PE (Portable Executable) file (an .exe or .dll) with Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) code or in a standalone PE (Portable Executable) file that contains only assembly manifest information. The following table shows the information contained in the assembly manifest. The first four items the assembly name, version number, culture, and strong name information make up the assembly's identity.

ASP.NET - .NET Interview Questions and Answers

What are Custom User Controls in ASP.NET?

The custom user controls are the controls that are defined by developers. These controls are a mixture of custom behavior and predefined behavior. These controls work similar to other Web server controls.

56. What does the .WebPart file do?

The .WebPart file explains the settings of a Web Parts control that can be included to a specified zone on a Web page.

57. How can you enable impersonation in the web.config file?

To enable impersonation in the web.confing file, you need to include the <identity> element in the web.config file and set the impersonate attribute to true as shown in the following code snippet:
<identity impersonate = "true" />

58. How can you identify that the page is PostBack?

Core Java Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is the difference between an if statement and a switch statement?
   The if statement is used to select among two alternatives. It uses a boolean expression to decide which alternative should be executed. The switch statement is used to select among multiple alternatives. It uses an int expression to determine which alternative should be executed.
   
   
2. What are the practical benefits, if any, of importing a specific class rather than an entire package (e.g. import java.net.* versus import java.net.Socket)?
   It makes no difference in the generated class files since only the classes that are actually used are referenced by the generated class file. There is another practical benefit to importing single classes, and this arises when two (or more) packages have classes with the same name. Take java.util.Timer and javax.swing.Timer, for example. If I import java.util.* and javax.swing.* and then try to use "Timer", I get an error while compiling (the class name is ambiguous between both packages). Let's say what you really wanted was the javax.swing.Timer class, and the only classes you plan on using in java.util are Collection and HashMap. In this case, some people will prefer to import java.util.Collection and import java.util.HashMap instead of importing java.util.*. This will now allow them to use Timer, Collection, HashMap, and other javax.swing classes without using fully qualified class names in.
   

Java interview questions and answers

1. What is garbage collection? What is the process that is responsible for doing that in java? - Reclaiming the unused memory by the invalid objects. Garbage collector is responsible for this process
2. What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread? - It is a daemon thread.


3. What is a daemon thread? - These are the threads which can run without user intervention. The JVM can exit when there are daemon thread by killing them abruptly.
4. How will you invoke any external process in Java? - Runtime.getRuntime().exec(….)
5. What is the finalize method do? - Before the invalid objects get garbage collected, the JVM give the user a chance to clean up some resources before it got garbage collected.
6. What is mutable object and immutable object? - If a object value is changeable then we can call it as Mutable object. (Ex., StringBuffer, …) If you are not allowed to change the value of an object, it is immutable object. (Ex., String, Integer, Float, …)

OOPS Interview Questions

1.What are the principle concepts of OOPS?

There are four principle concepts upon which object oriented design and programming rest. They are:

• Abstraction
• Polymorphism
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation
(i.e. easily remembered as A-PIE).

2.What is Abstraction?

Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations.

3.What is Encapsulation?

Encapsulation is a technique used for hiding the properties and behaviors of an object and allowing outside access only as appropriate. It prevents other objects from directly altering or accessing the properties or methods of the encapsulated object.

58 Common Interview Questions and Answers

1. Tell me about yourself?

It is the common and the most important question in every interview. This question is very crucial for the interviewer to have the first impression of the candidate. Most effective way is to prepare your self for several times. If you are well focused on the skills, the interviewer will concentrate on the accomplishments done by you and you will feel comfortable while saying answers. If it is a campus interview then start describing your schooling, college and professional studies in a sentence or two, then talk about family members and then switch over to achievements in your college in a systematic way.

If it is an executive or managerial position you may introduce yourself briefly and then describe your experience in the industry and detailed explanation of your success in the last company. If gives a chance tells about yourself, what will you do in this organization and how will you do things much better. Use these words I am a self starter, highly motivated, energetic, result oriented, good communicator, co-operative and a team player as this will creates a good impression.

2. What are your strong points?

Sample Job Interview Questions

"Why are you leaving your current position?"
This is a very critical question. Don't bad mouth your previous employer or co-workers or sound too opportunistic. It's fine to mention major problems, a buy-out or a shutdown. You may want to state that after long personal consideration, your chance to make a contribution is very low due to extensive company-wide changes.

Job Interview Questions 3

"What do you consider your most significant accomplishment?"
A good answer to this question can get you the job. Prepare extensively—discuss hard work, long hours, pressure and important company issues at stake. You may want to tell a two minute detailed story, discussing personal involvement.

50 Most Common Interview Questions

1. Tell me about yourself:
The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise. Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest back and work up to the present.
2. Why did you leave your last job?
Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major problem with management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers or the organization. If you do, you will be the one looking bad. Keep smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason such as an opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking
reasons.
3. What experience do you have in this field?
Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for. If you do not have specific experience, get as close as you can.
4. Do you consider yourself successful?
You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good explanation is that you have set goals, and you have met some and are on track to achieve the others.
5. What do co-workers say about you?

61. When a thread is created and started, what is its initial state?

A thread is in the ready state after it has been created and started.

62. What is the purpose of finalization?

The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object is garbage collected.

Java Basics - Interview Questions and Answers

55. If I write System.exit(0); at the end of the try block, will the finally block still execute?

No. In this case the finally block will not execute because when you say System.exit(0); the control immediately goes out of the program, and thus finally never executes.

56. How are Observer and Observable used?

Objects that subclass the Observable class maintain a list of observers. When an Observable object is updated it invokes the update() method of each of its observers to notify the observers that it has changed state. The Observer interface is implemented by objects that observe Observable objects.

57. What is synchronization and why is it important?

With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources.

HR Interview Questions For Freshers

. Tell me about yourself?

I am down-to-earth, sweet, smart, creative, industrious, and thorough.

2. How has your experience prepared you for your career?

Coursework:

Aside from the discipline and engineering foundation learning that I have gained from my courses, I think the design projects, reports, and presentations have prepared me most for my career.

Work Experience:

Through internships, I have gained self-esteem, confidence, and problem-solving skills. I also refined my technical writing and learned to prepare professional documents for clients.

The 50 Most Common Interview Questions

1. What are your strengths?
2. What are your weaknesses?
3. Why are you interested in working for [insert company name here]?
4. Where do you see yourself in 5 years? 10 years?
5. Why do you want to leave your current company?
6. Why was there a gap in your employment between [insert date] and [insert date]?
7. What can you offer us that someone else can not?
8. What are three things your former manager would like you to improve on?
9. Are you willing to relocate?

How to prepare for a software engineering interview

Preparing for a software interview is very tricky. But, the fact that you are reading this page gives you a bit of a head start on the competition. And, you absolutely must prepare to give yourself the best possible chance to succeed at an interview. A good way to approach it is to think of a software engineering interview as an exam for which you must study – but the only thing is that you usually have less of an idea of what will be on the exam than you would in a college or high school exam. But, if you do your research and put in the preparation you should have some general idea of the kind of questions that will be asked in a specific company, and you should also have some answers for those questions. This leads us to our first piece of advice.

ASP.NET SECURITY INTERVIEW QUESTIONS SET-1

Q 1:- What you will do for make your code more secure?
Ans:- I will review my code from beginning and understand the security issues that are possible in the code, after that i will resolve them.

Q 2:- How much time you will set for review, is there any time limit, if you not getting security issues?
Ans:- I will set reasonable time limit on my review, and then optimize my review for this limit. If I find myself spending too much time in any one area (especially if it is not a high-priority area or objective),then I flag it for later review and move on.

Q 3:- What you will do if you have not much time for (asp.net project) security review?
Ans:- I will limit my reviews to small, manageable pieces of code. This allows me to finish quickly, stay focused, and find a larger number of security issues in the code me examining.

ASP.NET SESSION(STATE MANAGEMENT) QUESTIONS SET - 2

11).What are the session modes available in asp.net?
Ans:
Off
InProc
StateServer(Out-Proc)
SQLServer
Custom

12).What is the default session modes in asp.net?
Ans: InProc

13).What are the disadvantages of using InProc session mode?
Ans: Its stores session information in the current Application Domain.
So it will lose data if we restart the server.

14).Session_End() event is supported by which session mode only?
Ans: Session_End() event is supported by InProc mode only.

Core Java Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is the most important feature of Java?
   Java is a platform independent language.
   
   
2. What do you mean by platform independence?
   Platform independence means that we can write and compile the java code in one platform (eg Windows) and can execute the class in any other supported platform eg (Linux,Solaris,etc).
   
   
3. Are JVM's platform independent?
   JVM's are not platform independent. JVM's are platform specific run time implementation provided by the vendor.
   

Top 10 Tricky Java interview questions and Answers

What will happen if you call return statement or System.exit on try or catch block ? will finally block execute?

This is a very popular tricky Java question and its tricky because many programmer think that finally block always executed. This question challenge that concept by putting return statement in try or catch block or calling System.exit from try or catch block. Answer of this tricky question in Java is that finally block will execute even if you put return statement in try block or catch block but finally block won't run if you call System.exit form try or catch.

Can you override private or static method in Java ?

Another popular Java tricky question, As I said method overriding is a good topic to ask trick questions in Java.  Anyway, you can not override private or static method in Java, if you create similar method with same return type and same method arguments that's called method hiding. See Can you override private method in Java or more details.

.Net Interview Questions and Answers

What are Attributes?
Attributes are declarative tags in code that insert additional metadata into an assembly. There exist two types of attributes in the .NET Framework: Predefined attributes such as AssemblyVersion, which already exist and are accessed through the Runtime Classes; and custom attributes, which you write yourself by extending the System.Attribute class.
What are the Types of Assemblies?
Assemblies are of two types:
1. Private Assemblies
2. Shared Assemblies
Private Assemblies: The assembly is intended only for one application. The files of that assembly must be placed in the same folder as the application or in a sub folder. No other application will be able to make a call to this assembly. The advantage of having a private assembly is that, it makes naming the assembly very easy, since the developer need not worry about name clashes with other assemblies. As long as the assembly has a unique name within the concerned application, there won't be any problems.

Oracle Interview Questions

1. Explain the difference between a hot backup and a cold backup and the benefits associated with each.

A hot backup is basically taking a backup of the database while it is still up and running and it must be in archive log mode. A cold backup is taking a backup of the database while it is shut down and does not require being in archive log mode. The benefit of taking a hot backup is that the database is still available for use while the backup is occurring and you can recover the database to any point in time. The benefit of taking a cold backup is that it is typically easier to administer the backup and recovery process. In addition, since you are taking cold backups the database does not require being in archive log mode and thus there will be a slight performance gain as the database is not cutting archive logs to disk.

2. You have just had to restore from backup and do not have any control files. How would you go about bringing up this database?

I would create a text based backup control file, stipulating where on disk all the data files were and then issue the recover command with the using backup control file clause.

COMMON INTERVIEW Q&A

1. Tell me about yourself:
The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short
statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound
rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise.
Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to
the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest
back and work up to the present.

2. Why did you leave your last job?
Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major
problem with management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers
or the organization. If you do, you will be the one looking bad. Keep
smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason such as an
opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking
reasons.

.Net Interview Questions And Answers for freshers and experienced

Questions : 1

What is Code Access Security (CAS)? How does CAS work?

Answers : 1

CAS is the part of the .NET security model that determines whether or not a piece of code is allowed to run, and what resources it can use when it is running. For example, it is CAS that will prevent a .NET web applet from formatting your hard disk. The CAS security policy revolves around two key concepts - code groups and permissions. Each .NET assembly is a member of a particular code group, and each code group is granted the permissions specified in a named permission set. For example, using the default security policy, a control downloaded from a web site belongs to the 'Zone - Internet' code group, which adheres to the permissions defined by the 'Internet' named permission set. (Naturally the 'Internet' named permission set represents a very restrictive range of permissions.)

25 IMPORTANT INTERVIEW TIPS:

1. Arrive a little early. If you arrive about fifteen minutes before the scheduled interview time, you will have time to collect your thoughts, wipe the perspiration from your hands, and scan the lobby for current company information.  You will also show your interviewer that you value his or her time.
2. Do your homework. Know the interviewer's name and how to pronounce it (including proper title: Mr., Mrs., Dr., etc.). Know the company's major products or services, the organization of the company (divisions, parent company, etc.), current business news about the company and the company's major customers and competitors. You can learn most or all of this information from the company's website, annual report or company literature.

Sample Interview Questions:

• Tell me about yourself... (Your answer should contain much more about your job skills than your personal life.) Talk about the growth of your career, what you learned from previous employment or even things like how your volunteer worked help you develop your organizational, time management and leadership skills.
  
• What are your strengths? (If you really enjoy new challenges and tackle them in an organized manner, this would be a useful strength in almost any situation.)  You can talk about your ability to find unique solutions to problems.  Be prepared with some concrete examples, since that may be the follow-up question.

15 Popular Interview Questions Answered

1)  Tell me a little bit about yourself.



Oh, yes, this is the question that is most likely to be asked first. I call it a two minute commercial about yourself. This is a great opportunity to sell yourself to the school
district representatives. Keep in mind, if it is the first question asked, it will set the stage for the interview, so it needs to be extremely strong. Don’t be too modest. This will provide an overview, an introduction, to you. You might start by stating, “As you can see from my resume….” and then mention your degrees and certifications and give a quick run down of your relevant experience. The last 1 ½ minutes should be used to communicate your strengths and skills and what you can do to enhance education in their district. In other words, they are asking “Why should we hire you?” Practice this carefully. You need a few sentences that answer that question at the end of your response. Also, at the end, you may want to mention why you would enjoy working for the school district in the position for which they are hiring.





6 Common Teacher Interview Questions and How to Answer Them

1. Tell us about yourself.

This will be among the first common teacher interview questions at almost every in-person. Just give a brief background in about three sentences. Tell them what colleges you graduated from, what you're certified to teach, what your teaching & working experiences are, and why you'd love the job.

2. How do you teach to the state standards?

If you interview in the United States, school administrators love to talk about state, local, or national standards! Reassure your interviewer that everything you do ties into standards. Be sure the lesson plans in your portfolio have the state standards typed right on them. When they ask about them, pull out your lesson and show them the close ties between your teaching and the standards.

Oracle Interview Questions with Answers

1. What is a CO-RELATED SUBQUERY

A CO-RELATED SUBQUERY is one that has a correlation name as table or view designator in the FROM clause of the outer query and the same correlation name as a qualifier of a search condition in the WHERE clause of the subquery.
eg
SELECT field1 from table1 X
WHERE field2>(select avg(field2) from table1 Y
where
field1=X.field1);


(The subquery in a correlated subquery is revaluated for every row of the table or view named in the outer query.)

Oracle Interview Question and Answer

Question 1: Oracle version 9.2.0.4.0 what does each number refers to?

Answer : oracle version number refers

 9-Major database release number

 2-Database Maintenance release number
 0-Application server release number

 4-Component Specific release number
 0-Platform specific release number

Question 2: How do you find current date and time in oracle?

Answer: This is one of the frequently asked Oracle Interview questions. I have seen this question every now and then. By the way SYSDATE function is used in oracle to find current date and time of operating system on which the database is running return type of function is DATE

XML - .NET Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is Extensible Markup Language (XML).

XML is a simple and flexible markup language in the text format. Nowadays, it is widely used to exchange a large variety of data over the Internet. XML consists of data as text in well-defined customized layouts by using self-defining tags. These user-defined tags are user friendly because they contain the name given by the user and make the information easily understandable to a user. These user-friendly features made XML to be widely used as a standard data-interchange format. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) frequently develops new standard for XML usage by different software vendors and solution providers. XML plays a very significant role with respect to .NET Framework 4.0. .NET Framework 4.0 provides us with a namespace called System.Xml, which includes classes that are used to work with XML.

2. What is the version information in XML?

"Version" tag shows which version of XML is used.

3. If XML does not have closing tag will it work?

No, every tag in XML, which is opened, should have a closing tag.

4. Is XML case sensitive?

Yes, XML is case sensitive.

5. Explain the difference between XML and HTML.

Top 10 Java Interview Questions with Answers

1. What's the difference between an interface and an abstract class?

• An abstract class is a class that is only partially implemented by the programmer. It may contain one or more abstract methods. An abstract method is simply a function definition that serves to tell the programmer that the method must be implemented in a child class.
• An interface is similar to an abstract class; indeed interfaces occupy the same namespace as classes and abstract classes. For that reason, you cannot define an interface with the same name as a class. An interface is a fully abstract class; none of its methods are implemented and instead of a class sub-classing from it, it is said to implement that interface.
• Abstract classes can have constants, members, method stubs and defined methods, whereas interfaces can only have constants and methods stubs.
• Methods and members of an abstract class can be defined with any visibility, whereas all methods of an interface must be defined as public.
• When inheriting an abstract class, the child class must define the abstract methods, whereas an interface can extend another interface and methods don't have to be defined.

Interview English Lesson - Work Related Questions

If you could start your career over again, what would you do differently?

"If you could start your career over again, what would you do differently?"

This depends on several factors. If your university major is different than your career choice, then you could answer that you would choose a different major to prepare you for your choice in career. Or if you started at a small company and didn't have many opportunities, you can say that you would have started at a larger company. This is not a significant question so a regular answer should suffice.

Short Answers

"I started my career at a small company. I feel I would have benefited more if I started at a larger company. A large company usually provides training that I didn't receive, so I would like to have started my career in a larger company."

"I didn't know how much I liked working with computers until I finished college. If I had known earlier, I would have liked to have worked with computers earlier in my career."

5 Questions You Should Ask at Every Job Interview

How Often Does Your Current Staff Receive Promotions?

You should understand how committed a company is to promoting from within. Many employees take positions just to get a job but fail to find out what the advancement potential is in a company. If the employer has a lot of positive things to say about an employee’s ability to move up the ladder, you can ask more specific questions relevant to your own career path. If they are unable to provide you with information or try to avoid the question, you need to carefully consider whether the opportunity is right for you.

How Are Employees Compensated for a Job Well Done?

There are a wide variety of ways a company shows appreciation for loyal employees that exceed expectations. While financial rewards are always good, it is important to explore what else the company may provide outside of money. You want to identify businesses that do not acknowledge employee efforts, and asking such a question can give you a more in-depth look at how a company treats its staff.

How to Answer 23 of the Most Common Interview Questions

1. So, tell me a little about yourself.
I'd be very surprised if you haven't been asked this one at every interview. It's probably the most asked question because it sets the stage for the interview and it gets you talking. Be careful not to give the interviewer your life story here. You don't need to explain everything from birth to present day. Relevant facts about education, your career and your current life situation are fine.
2. Why are you looking (or why did you leave you last job)?
This should be a straightforward question to answer, but it can trip you up. Presumably you are looking for a new job (or any job) because you want to advance your career and get a position that allows you to grow as a person and an employee. It's not a good idea to mention money here, it can make you sound mercenary. And if you are in the unfortunate situation of having been downsized, stay positive and be as brief as possible about it. If you were fired, you'll need a good explanation. But once again, stay positive.

Core Java Interview Questions Answers in Finance domain

1. What is immutable object? Can you write immutable object?

Immutable classes are Java classes whose objects can not be modified once created. Any modification in Immutable object result in new object. For example is String is immutable in Java. Mostly Immutable are also final in Java, in order to prevent sub class from overriding methods in Java which can compromise Immutability. You can achieve same functionality by making member as non final but private and not modifying them except in constructor.

2. Does all property of immutable object needs to be final?

Not necessary as stated above you can achieve same functionality by making member as non final but private and not modifying them except in constructor.

100 Project Manager Interview Questions

1. How do you handle non-productive team members?
2. How do you motivate team members who are burned out, or bored?
3. How do you handle team members who come to you with their personal problems?
4. What are your career goals? How do you see this job affecting your goals?
5. Explain how you operate interdepartmentally.
6. Tell me how you would react to a situation where there was more than one way to accomplish the same task, and there were very strong feelings by others on each position.
7. Consider that you are in a diverse environment, out of your comfort zone. How would you rate your situational leadership style?

Freshers Important Interview Questions

1) Tell me something about yourself?

I am a person with strong interpersonal skills and have the ability to get along well with people. I enjoy challenges and looking for creative solutions to problems. OR

Besides the details given in my resume, I believe in character values, vision and action. I am quick in learning from mistakes. I am confident that the various tests that you have conducted will corroborate my competencies aptitude and right attitude for the job.

PHP Interview Questions

In how many ways we can retrieve the data in the result set of MySQL using PHP?
You can do it by 4 Ways
1. mysql_fetch_row.
2. mysql_fetch_array
3. mysql_fetch_object
4. mysql_fetch_assoc
2.How can we extract string ‘hotmail.com ‘ from a string raghav.cool@hotmail.com using regular expression of PHP?
preg_match(”/^http://invalid.invalid/@(.+)$/”,’raghav.cool@hotmail.com’,$found);
echo $found[1];

.NET Framework Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is .NET Framework?
.NET Framework is a complete environment that allows developers to develop, run, and deploy the following applications:

• Console applications
• Windows Forms applications
• Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications
• Web applications (ASP.NET applications)
• Web services
• Windows services
• Service-oriented applications using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
• Workflow-enabled applications using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)

Basic SEO Interview Questions

1. What are the 3 types of keywords
2. What tool is used to measure keyword competition?
3. What command is used to see the use of a keyword in the title of websites?
4. What is known as anchor text?
5. What is a seed keyword?
6. What is the ideal keyword density?
7. In a keyword research, what are the factors that you should keep in mind while coming up with the short listed keywords.
8. What tools are used to determine traffic of keywords?
9. How do you generate keywords without tools?
10. Why is keyword finalization for the SEO program THE most important activity in the entire program?
11. What is url targetting?
12. Name 3 advanced Google search commands
13. What is the equivalent Google “link:” command to MSN /Yahoo?
14. What are the names given to the robots of Google, Yahoo, MSN
15. What is the name of the 1^st search engine?
16. What is DNS?
17. Apart from software generated tools, what other methods could be used to generate more keywords.
18. How do you generate the 1^st set of basic keywords on which more research is done to expand the list.
19. What are the 3 parts of a search engine?
20. What is LSI?

Java Interview Questions

Q: What do you know about Java?

A: Java is a high-level programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.

Q: What are the supported platform by Java Programming Language?

A: Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX/Linux like HP-Unix, Sun Solaris, Redhat Linux, Ubuntu, CentOS etc.

Q: List any five features of Java?

A: Some features include Object Oriented, Platform Independent, Robust, Interpreted, Multi-threaded

Q: Why is Java Architectural Neutral?

A: It’s compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format which makes the compiled code to be executable on many processors, with the presence Java runtime system.

Top 20 Interview Questions Wid Answers

1) Tell me something about yourself?

I am a person with strong interpersonal skills and have the ability to get along well with people. I enjoy challenges and looking for creative solutions to problems.
OR
Besides the details given in my resume, I believe in character values, vision and action. I am quick in learning from mistakes. I am confident that the various tests that you have conducted will corroborate my competencies aptitude and right attitude for the job.

SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUE STIONS

SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUE

STIONS

Before you start an interview, make sure you have a clear picture of the criteria and standards of

performance that will make or break the job, and limit your questions to those factors.

The categories below are common job req

uirements (in alphabetical order) and the types of questions you

might use to judge whether candidates fit those qualifications. Adapt and tailor each set of questions to

the specific job description you need to fill.

Warm

-

Up

What interested you in appl

ying for this position?

Tell us a little about your work history.

Adapta

bility

Describe supervisors that you have found easiest to work with. What about the most difficult?

You’ve probably had this experience: You worked hard on something, only to be

told to change priorities

and do it some other way. How did you handle that?

What kinds of problems have you had in switching from one job to another?

Administrative/Management

What is important to you in a job?

Describe an important goal that you ach

ieved in the past. What strategies did you use to achieve it?

What part of your work has given you the greatest feelings of achievement and satisfaction?

What are the most important administrative responsibilities you have taken on? How well did you li

ke

them?

XML Interview Questions

Can you walk us through the steps necessary to parse XML documents?

Superficially, this is a fairly basic question. However, the ball is not to determine whether candidates understand the concept of a parser but rather have them walk through the process of parsing XML documents step-by-step. Determining whether a non-validating or validating parser is needed, choosing the appropriate parser, and handling errors are all important aspects to this process that should be included in the candidate's response.

SEO Interview Questions & Answers

Q1. What is SEO?
Ans: – SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. SEO is a term in which we work on a website to get it ranked on the search engine. To optimize this result we have to follow many other steps like blog commenting, forum posting, social bookmarking, article submission, and many more.
SEO is also done to get more and more traffic to your website.

Q2. What is your favorite aspect in SEO?
Ans: - This is one of the most important questions that people should know. As link building is the main factor if we consider SEO. The question would vary if this is asked to a content writer because the main aspect would be the quality and uniqueness of the content. The answer would be different for other people.
The answer would be any of the following:

• Keyword research
• On-Page SEO
• Off-Page SEO
• Blog Posting
• Blog Comments
• Classified Posting
• Press Release
• Forum Posting

You might have any of the answers given above.

Top SEO Interview Questions and Answers

If a website's search engine saturation with respect to a particular search engine is 20%, what does it mean?

    * A. 20% of the WebPages of the website have been indexed by the search engine
    * B. Only 20% of the pages of the website will be indexed by the search engine
    * C. 20% of the websites pages will never be indexed
    * D. The website ranks in the first 20% of all websites indexed by the search engine for its most important search terms

B. Only 20% of the pages of the website will be indexed by the search engine

10 people do a web search. In response, they see links to a variety of web pages. Three of the 10 people choose one particular link. That link then has a __________ click through rate.

    * A. less than 30%
    * B. 30 percent
    * C. more than 30%

A. More than 30%

25 Top SEO Job Interview Questions

1. What do you know about our company and can you define who we are?
2. How would you define SEO and SEM?
3. What is your previous SEO history like? Can you give examples of rankings you’ve achieved.
4. What is your biggest mistake and biggest success in SEO?
5. What are the most important initial SEO steps on a website?
6. Which methods would you use for link building?
7. What is your strenght in terms of SEO?
8. How would you monitor rankings?
9. Which verticals have you worked on before?
10. Which side of SEO would you like to be involved? Either link building, coding or whatever?
11. What if your client is not open to ideas to make changes on their website, what would you come up with?

ADVANCED JAVA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. An abstract class is a class which may have the usual flavors of class members (private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract methods.
2. What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is used.

ADVANCED JAVA INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is used.
2. Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading.
With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchonization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same shared variable. This usually leads to significant errors.

Core Java Interview Questions with Answers

1.what  is a transient variable?

A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized. 

2.which containers use a border Layout as their default layout?

The window, Frame and Dialog classes use a border layout as their default layout. 

3.Why do threads block on I/O?

Threads block on i/o (that is enters the waiting state) so that other threads may execute while the i/o Operation is performed. 

4. How are Observer and Observable used?

Objects that subclass the Observable class maintain a list of observers. When an Observable object is updated it invokes the update() method of each of its observers to notify the observers that it has changed state. The Observer interface is implemented by objects that observe Observable objects. 

5. What is synchronization and why is it important?